ABSTRACT Growing concerns about the environment, energy dependency, and the unstable fuel prices have increased the sales of electric vehicles. Energy-efficient routing for electric vehicles requires ...

Ants are known as social insects that form large herds while sharing roles between queen ants, worker ants, and soldier ants. The behavior of ants forming nests and forming a route to the feeding ...

Process optimization is a key consideration in workflow management. Implementing an efficient workflow may improve customer satisfaction and enhance productivity of an enterprise. Many optimization ...