The Pauli exclusion principle is a cornerstone of the Standard Model of particle physics and is essential for the structure ...

Editor’s Note: Professor WERNER HEISENBERG, who was born in Duisburg in 1901, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 for his work on the quantum theory. A member of the faculty of the ...

An obscure theory of elementary particles proved to be key to China’s re-emergence as a scientific nation after the Cultural Revolution had stalled its development. Robert P Crease finds out more from ...

A long-standing law of thermodynamics turns out to have a loophole at the smallest scales. Researchers have shown that quantum engines made of correlated particles can exceed the traditional ...

Delve into the detail of atomic physics. As the basic units of matter, atoms are the building blocks for everything in the universe. Once thought to be indivisible, we now know they can indeed be ...