The term "reasoning" is a familiar metaphor in today's artificial intelligence (AI) technology, often used to describe the verbose outputs generated by so-called reasoning AI models such as OpenAI's ...

Studia Logica: An International Journal for Symbolic Logic, Vol. 43, No. 3 (1984), pp. 203-216 (14 pages) We propose a first order modal logic, the QS4E-logic, obtained by adding to the well-known ...