In 1969, the U.S. Department of Defense created ARPANET, the precursor to today’s internet. Around the same time, the SWIFT protocol used for money transfers was also established. These are both early ...

What is a distributed system? A distributed system is a collection of independent computers that appear to the user as a single coherent system. To accomplish a common objective, the computers in a ...

It's rare to see an enterprise that relies solely on centralized computing. But there are nevertheless still many organizations that do keep a tight grip on their internal data center and eschew any ...

Organizational structures are at the heart of human endeavor and reflect deeply in human institutions. There is a particularly pronounced tension today between the two principal styles of ...

Imagine a world without a global notion of time. Now try to find out the flight direction of an airplane with the following information: There's an e-mail from Alice that she saw the plane about two ...

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