Radio frequency (RF) refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna. It spans from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz. RF ...

BOs describe the periodic movement of electrons in solids to which an external static electric field is applied. However, it is challenging to measure the BOs directly in natural solids since the ...

The R-OPO fibre sensor enables real-time strain and temperature monitoring over 25 km, enhancing infrastructure safety with high sensitivity and resolution.