To be a merchant in the Middle Ages, one needed to know how to write and count. Mastery of foreign languages was beneficial. But perhaps most important was an aptitude for theology. Although trade ...

How to Ensure Predictability in Legal Pluralism. Merchants and their Interaction in Late Medieval Europe, edited by Ulla Kypta and Gregor Rohmann, is the latest volume in the Käte Hamburger Kolleg ...

A vast wooden hull resting in the silt off Copenhagen is forcing historians to rethink what a “typical” medieval merchant ship looked like. The newly uncovered cog, a record breaker in both size and ...

A team of archaeologists has investigated the wreck of a boat that sank in the 15th century, revealing fascinating new insights into the stricken vessel. The so-called "Maderö wreck" was first ...