Declarative programming languages have higher levels of expressionand abstraction than most other programming paradigms. Not only does declarative programming reduce source code — it also prevents ...

Open-ended, community based, and collaborative, “esolangs” serve as a reminder that digital art has other histories and other futures. Matthias Lutter, “helloworld-pietbig.gif.” This is a Piet program ...

Programming languages are evolving to bring the software closer to hardware. As hardware architectures become more parallel (with the advent of multicore processors and FPGAs, for example), sequential ...

Gradual typing has emerged as a compelling approach to reconcile the strengths of static and dynamic type systems. By permitting programmers to incrementally annotate code, it enables early detection ...

What are the first steps when using multiple programming languages? What are the final steps needed with applications written in multiple languages? In Part 2 of this series, MathWorks' Heather Gorr ...

In Programming Languages research, we explore the ways in which computations are expressed in written form. Our research focuses on three central ideas: the semantics of a particular piece of program ...

We ran a piece last year summarizing an IEEE study of programming-language popularity based on job listings. This article fostered conversation, including debates about whether the languages IEEE used ...

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The 5 most obscure programming languages are truly a sight to behold. Curated by a twisted mind, an artisan of programming language design or someone so bored out of their head that they transcend the ...