The bacterial type IV secretion system (T4SS) is a complex, macromolecular nanomachine that is responsible for the translocation of genetic material and effector proteins from the cytosol into target ...

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Glass is one of the most common subjects we see every day, but the detailed structure of this non-metallic and non-liquid material has always been a major mystery in science. A research team co-led by ...

Structural biology is used to understand the three-dimensional shape of biological molecules and how their shape enables them to function both inside and outside of cells. Furthermore, the ...