Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

The LM4041 has been around for over 20 years. During those decades, while primarily marketed as a precision adjustable shunt regulator, this classic device also found its way into alternative ...

Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation demonstrated the largest absolute growth of all renewable technologies in 2022, surpassing wind for the first time in history, according to the International ...

The power transistor must be chosen to provide fast response while also withstanding high power dissipation. Several electrical and thermal characteristics must be considered: 1. An array of N current ...

It has long been known that the simple combination of a depletion-mode MOSFET (and before these were available, a JFET) and a resistor made a simple, serviceable current source such as that seen on ...

There are times when you need to bias a low-current load and simply didn’t want to add another voltage regulator, or where you need a reasonable level of voltage accuracy, so a simple voltage divider ...

So we know from a previous video that electricity is the flow of electrons between atoms. These electrons can move about randomly. So we use voltage to push the electrons around a circuit. And when we ...

Fig. 1. Basic single-phase circuit and load. As the load draws current, a voltage drop develops across the supply and return conductors. N-G voltage measurements at the load will reflect the voltage ...

Many embedded systems require a stable, low-noise DC reference. This reference can be a stable current or voltage source. These references are used in many ways. Some typical uses are listed as ...