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The Brix scale, derived from the refractive index of a solution at 20 degrees Celsius (68 Fahrenheit), is widely known. Originally, it was established by determining the weight percentage of sucrose ...

The first law of refraction states that the incident rays, refracted rays, and the normal to the interface at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane. The ratio of the sine of the angle of ...

Utilizing Index of Refraction Monitors in Biopharmaceutical Downstream Processing and Purification When the FDA published the 2003 document, “Pharmaceutical Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs ...