Abstract: This article presents an in-depth exploration of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for the optimization and design of dual-band antennas in Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

Abstract: This study presents the design of a dual-band microstrip antenna specifically engineered for operation within the GPS L1 (1.575 GHz) and $\mathrm{L} 2(1.227 \mathrm{GHz})$ frequency bands.