Communication-system designers have always had to deal with trade-offs among data reliability, efficient use of available spectrum, data throughput, and cost. Error-correction coding (ECC) is one of ...

FEC (forward-error-correction) techniques correct errors at the receiver end of digital communications systems. In contrast with error-detection and retransmission ...

Neural encoding is the study of how neurons represent information with electrical activity (action potentials) at the level of individual cells or in networks of neurons. Studies of neural encoding ...

The ability to predict brain activity from words before they occur can be explained by information shared between neighbouring words, without requiring next-word prediction by the brain.