Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...

David Kwong, the magician, branches out with a festive Sunday puzzle. By Caitlin Lovinger Jump to: Tricky Clues | Today’s Theme SUNDAY PUZZLE — Will Shortz, in his print introduction to this grid, ...

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Cipher Mining CIFR and IREN Limited IREN are U.S.-based Bitcoin miners that began as pure-play miners, with revenues tightly linked to Bitcoin prices, network difficulty, and hash rate growth. Both ...

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