Abstract: This letter proposes a novel Data-Driven (DD) method for controlling unknown input-affine nonlinear systems. First, we estimate the system dynamics from noisy data offline through Subspace ...

Abstract: This article considers an observer-based optimal backstepping security control for nonlinear systems using reinforcement learning (RL) strategy. The main challenge faced is the design of ...

We have looked at how to solve equations with one unknown value, but what happens when there are two unknown values? An equation with two unknown values will have infinitely many solutions. or \(x=100 ...