Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Since GWs are anticipated from cosmic strings, PTAs offer a viable approach to testing their existence ...

Abstract: Harmony search algorithm (HSA) is extensively utilized in engineering optimization. Nevertheless, it encounters problems of slow convergence and reduced accuracy, which hinder its capability ...

Abstract: Existing algorithms for the flight string scheduling problem often fall short due to their NP-hard nature and difficulties with local optima. To enhance efficiency, we propose a two-stage ...