A consensus algorithm is the rule a distributed network follows to agree on which new block is added to a blockchain, so every honest node ends up with the same ledger without trusting any single ...

Abstract: In this paper, we develop an importance sampling based expectation-maximization (IS-EM) algorithm for sequence detection in outdoor optical wireless communication (OWC). Specifically, the ...

Have you ever wondered why some algorithms are faster than others? The answer often lies in algorithm complexity, a concept that defines how the runtime of an algorithm increases as the size of the ...

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Compositional data exclusively consists of relative information. These entities are part of a broader entity.

Dr. James McCaffrey of Microsoft Research says that when quantum computing becomes generally available, evolutionary algorithms for training huge neural networks could become a very important and ...

cat(i,p,q,r,"\n") # print all the values obtained in each iterate. lr[,1] <- log2(RG$R[,1])-log2(RG$G[,1]) lr[,2] <- log2(RG$G[,2])-log2(RG$R[,2]) lr[,3] <- log2(RG$R ...

Imagine you're exploring a bustling marketplace, trying to understand the different groups of people mingling around. You notice clusters of individuals engaged in similar activities - merchants ...

Hi all, I've been trying out splink for some larger scale probabilistic linkages at the Australian Bureau of Statistics (along with @nerskin). I thought you'd be interested to hear about a potential ...

Abstract: In this work, the convergence rates of direction of arrival (DOA) estimates using the expectation-maximization (EM) and space alternating generalized EM (SAGE) algorithms are investigated.

A composite image of the enzyme lactase showing how cryo-EM’s resolution has improved dramatically in recent years. Older images to the left, more recent to the right. Credit: Veronica ...

The EM algorithm is a very popular maximum likelihood estimation method, the iterative algorithm for solving the maximum likelihood estimator when the observation data is the incomplete data, but also ...