Abstract: This paper's results are presented on the advantages of employing the sliding mode controller for air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) control over comparisons to the proportional-integral-derivative ...

Abstract: The demand for reducing fuel consumption and emission of mobile machines is increasing since they consume large amount of energy and generate huge exhaust each year. The wheel loader is a ...

Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ...