Cold formed steel studs (CFSS), typically used in nonstructural partition walls, were studied to determine if they could be used to laterally restrain braces against buckling and thus enhance their ...

Keywords: Seismic performance. Bidirectional-resistant ductile end diaphragms. Unbonded braces. Retrofitting. Steel bridges. Skewed bridges. Hysteretic models. Irregular structures. Hysteretic energy ...