The Mongol Conquest, which began in the early 13th century, was significantly fueled by the contributions and conflicts with neighboring civilizations, particularly China. The internal strife within the fragmented Chinese dynasties, such as the Song and Jin, made them vulnerable to invasion. Genghis Khan exploited these divisions, uniting Mongolian tribes and developing a powerful military strategy that emphasized speed and adaptability. Chinese innovations, including gunpowder weaponry and sieg